1. 虚拟条件句
句型：与现实相反：If + 主语 + 过去式（be 动词用 were），主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形；与过去相反：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词；与将来相反：If + 主语 + should/were to + 动词原形，主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形。
应用场景：议论文假设论证、记叙文情感表达。
例句：在现实中相反的情况，例如：“If I were you, I would prioritize environmental protection”（如果我是你，我会优先考虑环境保护）。对于过去的情况：“If the government had implemented stricter policies, the pollution would have been reduced”（如果实施了更严格的，污染会减少）。对于将来的假设：“If the new policy were to be passed, the market would react positively”（如果新通过，市场会做出积极反应）。
2.Wish 宾语从句
句型：对现在的遗憾：I wish + 主语 + 过去式（be 动词用 were）；对过去的遗憾：I wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词；对未来的期待：I wish + 主语 + would/could + 动词原形。
应用场景：记叙文情感表达、议论文委婉建议。
例句：“I wish I could attend the concert”（我希望我能参加音乐会）表达了对现在的遗憾。“She wishes she had studied harder for the exam”（她希望她为了考试能更努力）表达了对过去的遗憾。对于未来的期待：“I wish the project would succeed”（我希望这个项目能成功）。
